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Boleslaus II the Pious (Czech: Boleslav II. Pobožný) (c.?932 - 7 February 999) was a Bohemian nobleman. He was a member of the Premyslid dynasty[1] and was the ruling Duke of Bohemia from 972 until his death. The Reign of Boleslaus II The son of Boleslaus I[2] and Biagota, Boleslaus II became Duke (or Prince) on his father's death. Boleslaus maintained good relations with the Ottonian German kings, and in 975 supported Otto II during the civil war against Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. In 977, Boleslaus again attacked Bavaria, but on this occasion was barred from annexing any lands by Otto II. Christianity Boleslaus' reign is most notable for the foundation of the Diocese of Prague in 973,[3] placed at that time within the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Mainz. In 982, Adalbert of Prague (later known as Saint Adalbert) was appointed to head the bishopric until he abandoned his primacy to lead a mission to the Old Prussians in 994. The alliance between Poland and Bohemia was overturned between 977 and 985 and Poland, which participated in invasions led by the German Emperor against Bohemia. However, in 985 or 990 Poland acquired Silesia at the expense of Bohemia. Complete Unity On 28 September 995, Boleslaus and his confederate Vršovci stormed Libice in southern Bohemia and massacred the members of the Slavník dynasty.[4] This clan had been the main rival of Premyslid power in Bohemia. Boleslaus' brutal triumph ensured the unity of Bohemia under a single ruler. Marriages and issue Boleslaus' first wife Adiva, was perhaps the daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England, who married "a prince near the Alps". His second wife was Emma of Melník. His sons were: Boleslaus III, his eldest son and successor Wenceslaus, died as an infant Jaromír, later became Duke of Bohemia Oldrich, also became Duke of Bohemia References ^ "The Premyslids". www.arekkp.pl. Retrieved 15 September 2012. ^ "Genealogy Data". www.redeaglejw.net. Retrieved 15 September 2012. ^ "Prague". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 15 September 2012. ^ "Boleslaus II the Pious". www.kralovskacesta.cz. Retrieved 15 September 2012. Historical records of the early Premyslid rulers are scanty. According to legend, Prince Borivoj is said to have been converted to Christianity by Saint Methodius (fl. mid-9th century). Bohemia was consolidated politically in the 10th century, and the best known of its rulers at this time was Borivoj's grandson Winceslaus, or Vaclav, whose zeal for spreading Christianity in his dominions prompted his murder by his pagan brother Boleslav I (reigned 929-967). Vaclav subsequently came to be venerated as the patron saint of Bohemia. During the rule of Boleslav II (967-999), the Christian church in Bohemia was organized and a bishopric was founded in Prague. Boleslav II's death was followed by a period of fratricidal warfare between his sons that terminated in 1012 when the youngest son, Oldrich, established himself as prince of Bohemia. Oldrich died in 1037 and was succeeded by his son Bretislav I (1037-55). For the next century and a half, disputes and feuds among the members of the Premyslid family hindered Bohemia's political development, the chief source of discord being the absence of any strict law of succession to the Bohemian throne. At some periods the principle of seniority was observed, while at other times the deceased prince's oldest son attained the throne. During this period of disarray Bohemia became increasingly dependent on the Holy Roman Empire to the west. The Premyslid prince Vratislav II (1061-92) obtained from the Holy Roman emperor Henry IV the title of King of Bohemia as a personal (i.e., nonhereditary) privilege. http://en.wikipedia.org
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