Alfred OF WESSEX

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Medieval Lands by Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ÆLFRED, son of ÆTHELWULF King of Wessex & his [second] wife Osburga--- (Wantage, Berkshire 849-26 Oct 899, bur Winchester Cathedral,transferred to Hyde Abbey, Winchester, later called the NewMinster[1569]). Asser records the birth in 849 of Alfred, son of KingÆthelwulf, at Wantage in Berkshire[1570]. "Ælfred filius regis"subscribed charters of Kings Æthelwulf, Æthelberht, Æthelred I in 855,862 (anachronistic), 864 and 868[1571]. Asser records that in 853,his father sent him to Rome where Pope Leo IV baptised him[1572]. Hesucceeded his brother in 871 as ALFRED King of Wessex. After theDanish victory at Wilton in May 871, King Alfred agreed to payDanegeld for the first time as the price for ceasing further attacks.After a second invasion of Wessex in 875/77, during which Wareham inDorset and Exeter were occupied, Alfred again bought peace in 877. Hewas forced to flee westwards in the face of a third invasion in 878during which Chippenham was occupied, and took refuge at Athelney inSomerset. King Alfred's subsequent counter-offensive proved moreeffective, as he defeated the Danes under Guthrum at Edington inWiltshire in May 878. After mixed successes against the Danes in EastAnglia in 885, and his occupation of London in 886, Alfred made apeace treaty with Guthrum which lasted until 892. "Ælfred rex"subscribed a charter of "Æthelred dux et patricius gentis Merciorum"dated 887[1573]. The Danish offensive of 892/96 was less successfuland no further Danish attacks on Wessex are recorded after 896. KingAlfred is famous for the fleet of ships built to his design in thehope of defeating the Danes while they were still at sea, consideredas forming the basis for the modern English navy. Having learnt Latinlate in life, Alfred was responsible for English translations of fiveLatin works between 892 and 899: Gregory the Great's Cura Pastoralis,Orosius's History of the Ancient World, Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica,Boethius's De Consolatione Philosophae, and a collection which startswith the Soliloquies of St Augustine. He was also responsible for acollection of laws, although these were largely refinements of theworks of his predecessors Ine King of Wessex, Offa King of Mercia andÆthelberht King of Kent. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the deathof King Alfred on 26 Oct 899[1574]. King Alfred, under his willprobably dated to [879/88], made bequests (in order) to "Edward myelder son", his unnamed younger son, his unnamed eldest, middle andyoungest daughters, "my brother's son Æthelhelm…my brother's sonÆthelwold…my kinsman Osferth" and Ealswith[1575]. m (Winchester 868) EALHSWITH, daughter of ÆTHELRED "Mucil" Ealdormanof the Gainas & his wife Eadburh (-Winchester 5 or 8 Dec 905[1576],bur Winchester, St Mary's Abbey, transferred to Winchester Cathedral).Asser records the marriage in 868 of Alfred and "a noble Mercianlady, daughter of Athelred surnamed Mucil earl of the Gaini…[and]Edburga of the royal line of Mercia"[1577]. Roger of Hoveden recordsthe names of her parents, specifying that her mother was related tothe kings of Mercia. "Ealhswith mater regis" subscribed a charter ofKing Edward dated 901[1578]. She founded the convent of St Mary's atWinchester, and became a nun there after her husband died. TheAnglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in [902/05] of"Ealhswith"[1579]. King Alfred & his wife had [seven] children: 1. ÆTHELFLÆD ([869]-Tamworth 12 Jun 918, bur GloucesterCathedral). Asser names (in order) "Ethelfled theeldest…Edward…Ethelgiva…Ethelwitha and Ethelwerd" as the children ofKing Alfred & his wife, specifying that Ethelfled was married to"Ethered earl of Mercia"[1580]. "Egelfledam Merciorum dominam" isnamed by Roger of Hoveden first in his list of King Alfred's daughtersby Queen Ealhswith[1581]. "Æthelflæd conjux" subscribed a charter of"Æthelred dux et patricius gentis Merciorum" granting land inOxfordshire to the bishopric of Worcester dated 887[1582]."Æthelflæd" also subscribed the joint charter of King Alfred and"Æthelred subregulus et patricius Merciorum" dated 889[1583], thecharter of "Æthered" dated 901, and three charters of King Edwarddated 903 and 904, in the last of which her name is listed immediatelyafter her husband's and before "Æthelswitha regina"[1584]. Known asthe "Lady of the Mercians", she effectively governed Mercia after herhusband's death "save only London and Oxford"[1585]. Florence ofWorcester records that she carried out a plan of fortress building toprotect Mercia from the Danes, at Bridgenorth in 912, Tamworth andStafford in 913, Eddisbury Hill in Cheshire and Warwick in 914, andChirbury and Runcorn in 915[1586]. Her Mercian troops played adecisive part in her brother's offensive against the Danes in theMidlands in 917, conquering Derby and Tempsford where they killed theDanish king of the East Angles, and Leicester in early 918[1587]. TheAnglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 918 of Æthelflæd "12 daysbefore midsummer at Tamworth in the eighth year of her rule overMercia as its rightful lord" and her burial at Gloucester St Peter'schurch[1588]. m ([end 889]) ÆTHELRED Ealdorman of western Mercia, sonof --- (-912). 2. EADMUND (-young). Asser names (in order) "Ethelfled theeldest…Edward…Ethelgiva…Ethelwitha and Ethelwerd besides those whodied in their infancy one of whom was Edmund" as the children of KingAlfred & his wife[1589]. While Asser does not specify where Edmundfits in the order of births, it is a fair assumption that he was theeldest son otherwise he may not have been deemed worthy of mention.According to Weir[1590], Edmund was crowned in the lifetime of hisfather, but it is assumed that this is based on a misreading of thecharter of King Alfred dated 898 which was subscribed by "Eadweardrex"[1591]. 3. EADWEARD ([872]-Farndon-on-Dee near Chester 17 Jul 924, burWinchester Cathedral). "Eadwardum" is named by Roger of Hoveden asthe younger of King Alfred's sons by Queen Ealswith[1592]. Hesucceeded his father in 899 as EDWARD "the Elder" King of Wessex. - see below. 4. ELFREDA . The Book of Hyde names "Elfredam virginam" assecond of the four daughters of King Alfred & his wife[1593]. She isnot named by Asser as one of the children of King Alfred. 5. ÆTHELGIVA (-[896], bur Shaftesbury Abbey). Asser names (inorder) "Ethelfled the eldest…Edward…Ethelgiva…Ethelwitha andEthelwerd" as the children of King Alfred & his wife, specifying thatEthelgiva "was dedicated to God and submitted to the rules of amonastic life"[1594]. "Ethelgivam sanctimonialem" is named by Rogerof Hoveden second in his list of King Alfred's daughters by QueenEalswith[1595]. Nun at Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset, elected the firstAbbess in [888][1596]. The Book of Hyde names "Elgivam virginam" asthird of the four daughters of King Alfred & his wife, specifying thatshe was "Schaftlouiæ abbatissa"[1597]. A document which narrates thefoundation of Athelney Monastery records that “regis Alfredi”installed “filiam propriam Algivam” as abbess after founding themonastery[1598]. 6. ÆLFTHRYTH of Wessex ([877]-7 Jun 929, bur Ghent, StPieter). Asser names (in order) "Ethelfled theeldest…Edward…Ethelgiva… Ethelwitha and Ethelwerd" as the children ofKing Alfred & his wife[1599]. "Elfthtritham" is named by Roger ofHoveden third in his list of King Alfred's daughters by QueenEalswith[1600]. She is called "Æthelswitha" by Asser[1601]."Elftrudis" is named as wife of Count Baudouin II in the Cartulaire deSaint-Bertin[1602]. This marriage represented the start of along-lasting alliance between England and Flanders, founded on theircommon interest of preventing Viking settlements along the coast."Elstrudis comitissa…cum filiis suis Arnulfo et Adelolfo" donated"hereditatem suam Liefsham…in terra Anglorum in Cantia" toSaint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "senioris sui Baldwini", bycharter dated 11 Sep 918[1603]. The Annales Blandinienses record thedeath in 929 of "Elftrudis comitissa"[1604]. The Memorial of "filiaregis Elstrudis…Balduini…domini" records her death "VII Iunii"[1605].An undated charter, dated to [962], recording the last wishes of"marchysi Arnulfi", notes that "pater meus et mater mea" were buriedin the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Gand[1606]. m ([893/99]) BAUDOUIN II"le Chauve" Count of Flanders, son of BAUDOUIN I Count of Flanders &his wife Judith of the Franks [Carolingian] ([863/65]-[10 Sep] 918,bur St Bertin, transferred 929 to Ghent, St Pieter). 7. ÆTHELWEARD ([880]-16 Oct 922, bur WinchesterCathedral[1607]). Asser names (in order) "Ethelfled theeldest…Edward…Ethelgiva …Ethelwitha and Ethelwerd" as the children ofKing Alfred & his wife[1608]. "Egelwardum" is named by Roger ofHoveden as the younger of King Alfred's sons by Queen Ealhswith[1609]."Æthelweard filius regis" subscribed charters of King Edward dated900, 901 (three), 903 and 904[1610] (in all but two of which he isnamed first in the list of subscribers), and "Æthelweard frater regis"subscribed two charters dated 909 (in both of which he is named firstin the list of subscribers, ahead of the king's sons)[1611]. Simeonof Durham records the death "XVII Kal Nov" in 922 of "Ethelward theAtheling brother of King Eadward" and his burial in Winchester[1612].m ---. The name of the wife of Æthelweard is not known. Æthelweard &his wife had [three] children: a) [TURKETUL (-3 Jul 975, bur Croyland Abbey). Ingulph'sChronicle of the Abbey of Croyland names Turketul Chancellor of KingÆthelstan, later abbot of Croyland, as "eldest son" of Æthelweard,bother of King Eadweard[1613]. This has not been corroborated in anyother source so far consulted. The same source records that Turketulbecame a monk at Croyland in the second year of the reign of KingEadred[1614]. A further clue about his ancestry is provided byIngulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland recording that Turketul's"kinsman Osketul" was installed as Archbishop of York[1615]. The samesource records the death of Turketul "V Non Jul" in 975 and his burialin the church at Croyland[1616].] b) ÆLFWIN (-killed in battle Brunanburh 937, bur MalmesburyAbbey, Wiltshire). King Æthelstan donated property to Malmesbury forthe souls of "patruelium meorum Æthelwardi clitonis videlicet Ælfwiniset Æthelwinis" by three charters dated 937[1617]. Ingulph's Chronicleof the Abbey of Croyland records that King Æthelstan's "two kinsmen,Elwin and Athelstan, the sons of his uncle Ethelward" were killed inbattle by the Danes at Bruneford[1618]. c) ÆTHELWIN (-killed in battle Brunanburh 937, bur MalmesburyAbbey, Wiltshire). King Æthelstan donated property to Malmesbury forthe souls of "patruelium meorum Æthelwardi clitonis videlicet Ælfwiniset Æthelwinis" by three charters dated 937[1619]. Ingulph's Chronicleof the Abbey of Croyland records that King Æthelstan's "two kinsmen,Elwin and Athelstan, the sons of his uncle Ethelward" were killed inbattle by the Danes at Bruneford[1620]. [1569] Malmesbury II, 124, p. 108. [1570] Asser, p. 2. [1571] S 315 (King Æthelwulf), S 333 (King Æthelberht), S 334 and S340 (King Æthelred). [1572] Asser, Part I. Kirby (2000), p. 164, suggests it is morelikely that Alfred accompanied his father to Rome in 855. [1573] S 217. [1574] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, A, D and E, 901 [899]. [1575] S 1507, and EHD, 96, pp. 534-7. [1576] Florence of Worcester, 905, p. 88. [1577] Asser, p. 11. [1578] S 363. [1579] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, A, 905 [904], C, 902, and D, 905. [1580] Asser, p. 25. [1581] Roger of Hoveden I, p. 41. [1582] S 217. [1583] S 346. [1584] S 221, S 367, S 371 and S 361. [1585] Dl 912, p. 89. [1586] Florence of Worcester, 913, 914, 915 and 916, pp. 89-92. [1587] Florence of Worcester, 918 and 919, pp. 92-4. Florence ofWorcester's chronology of Æthelflæd's exploits appears to be one yearlate in each case, assuming her death in 918 is correct. [1588] Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, C, 918. [1589] Asser, p. 25. [1590] Weir (2002), p. 10. [1591] S 350. [1592] Roger of Hoveden I, p. 41. [1593] Liber Monasterii de Hyda XIII.7, p. 60. [1594] Asser, p. 25. [1595] Roger of Hoveden I, p. 41. [1596] Roger of Hoveden I, p. 49. [1597] Liber Monasterii de Hyda XIII.7, p. 60. [1598] Dugdale Monasticon II, Athelney Monastery, Somerset, I, DeFundatione Cœnobiorum et Elemosinis Regis Alfredi, p. 405. [1599] Asser, p. 25. [1600] Roger of Hoveden I, p. 41. [1601] Asser, Part II. [1602] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin(Paris) ("Saint-Bertin") II.73, 918, p. 138. [1603] Lokeren, A. van (1868) Chartes et documents de l´abbaye deSaint Pierre au Mont Blandin à Gand (Gand) ("Gand Saint-Pierre"), 14,p. 20, and Fayen, A. (1906) Cartulaire de la ville de Gand, Chartes etdocuments T. I, Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis (Gand)("Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis"), 60, p. 52. [1604] Annales Blandinienses 929, MGH SS V, p. 24. [1605] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit,Grabschriften, p. 298. [1606] Gand Saint-Pierre 29, p. 33. [1607] Malmesbury II, 130, p. 113, and Florence of Worcester, 922, p.95. [1608] Asser, p. 25. [1609] Roger of Hoveden I, p. 41. [1610] S 359, S 362, S 364, S 366, S 368 and S 372. [1611] S 375 and S 378. [1612] Simeon of Durham, p. 502. [1613] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 72. [1614] Ingulph's Chronicle, pp. 77-8. [1615] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 83. [1616] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 105. [1617] S 434, S 435 and S 436. [1618] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 77. [1619] S 434, S 435 and S 436. [1620] Ingulph's Chronicle, p. 77.

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Titel	Familienstammbaum Engelken
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Hochgeladen	2014-12-22 06:03:51.0
Einsender	Roger Engelken
E-Mail	rengelken@msn.com
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