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Muḥammad al-Bāqir (Arabic: محمد الباقر ) (676-733 AD),[3] also called abu Ja'far was Known as al-Baqir (the one who splits open knowledge). His full name was Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib and was the fifth Shiite Imam after his father zayn al-Abidin and before his son Ja'far al-Sadiq. He was the first Imam for whom the birth of Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, the grandsons of Muhammad came together. Many traditions and abundant knowledge were reported on hisauthority. He is respected by Shiite Muslims for his religious leadership and highly respected by Sunni Muslims for his knowledge and Islamic scholarship as a leading jurist of Medina.
Al-Baqir had a prominent lineage in that both his paternal and maternal grandfathers, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali, were Muhammad's grandsons. His mother, Fatima Umm Abd Allah, was a daughter of al-Hasan the son of Ali. He was born in Medina, around 56/676 when Muawiyah I was trying to make safe the pledge of allegiance for his son Yazid I. While he was still a child, his family was troubled by the tragedy of Karbala and have been three or four years old when his grandfather, Husayn, was killed. According to Ya'qubi, al-Baqir was in fact present at Karbala. In his youth he witnessed the struggle for power among the Umayyads, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and different Shiite parties, while at the same time he saw his father remained aloof from political activity.
Al-Baqir is a reduced form of al-Baqir al-'ilm, which means he who split open knowledge. Muhammad al-Baqir is said, therefor, to have been famous for his heritage of knowledge. According to Ibn Khallikan, he received the nickname al-Baqir (the Ample) due to the "ample fund of knowledge" he collected. However, Ya'qubi believe that he was called al-Baqir because he "split open knowledge", meaning he examined into the depths of it.[a][8] For the Shiite, however, Baqir al-'ilm was not an ordinary title, for they believe it was given to him by Muhammad. According to al-Kulayni, Jabir ibn Abd Allah, the only living companion of Muhammad, used to sit in the mosque and call out: Ya baqir al-ilm, Ya baqir al-ilm. Medinans thought thatJabir was insane, however he assured them that he had heard from Muhammad who said: "O Jabir! You will meet a man from my family who will have the same name and the same characteristics as mine. He will split open knowledge extensively." As forhow Jabir ibn Abd Allah met Muhammad al-Baqir, al-Kulayni relates that once while al-Jabir was passing a Quran school which al-Baqir attended as a child, saw the Imam who was still a child and examined him to see if he has the features he had heard from Muhammad. Then Jabir explained: "Characteristics of the Messenger of Allah; by Him in whose hands is my soul, O boy, what is your name".[7] When Muhammad answered that he was Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Husayn, Jabir "approached him, kissed his head and swore by his father and mother that Muhammad had recited greeting upon him."
Thomas Wolfgang
Ackermann
