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Béla I was the king of Hungary between 1061 and 1063. Béla was a member of the Árpád dynasty, the third son of Vazul and younger brother of Andrew I of Hungary who was crowned king. In 1048, Andrew shared power with Béla by conferring to him as apanage one third of Hungary ("tercia pars regni", Ducatus, Nitrian Frontier Duchy), whose capital was Nitra, and which involved the southern Slovakia (Nitrian Principality) and northern eastern historic Hungary (called Bihar, however not identical with the later Bihar). Béla received the title of "duke". Andrew had his son (and Béla's nephew) Solomon crowned future king in 1057, and in 1059, Béla fled to Poland to his brother-in-law Boleslaus II of Poland, brother of Béla's wife Richeza. In 1060, Béla returned to Hungary and defeated Andrew I to become the new king. After Béla's death in 1063, Henry installed Solomon as the new king and his male progenies had to flee to Poland again. Background: Árpád's great-grandson Géza, who succeeded to the hereditary chief leadership in 972 and reestablished its authority over the tribal chiefs. In 973 he sent an embassy to the Holy Roman emperor Otto II at Quedlinburg, (now in Saxony-Anhalt), Germany, and in 975 he and his family were received into the Western church. In 996 his son, Stephen (István), married Gisella, a Bavarian princess. Stephen I (997-1038) carried on his father's work. With the help of heavily armed Bavarian knights, he crushed his rivals for the headship. Applying to Pope Sylvester II, he received the insignia of royalty from the papacy and, according to tradition, was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1000. The event was of immeasurable importance, for not only did Hungary enter the spiritual community of the Western world but it did so without having to recognize the political suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire. This was possible because Sylvester, who extended papal protection to Hungary, held great sway with the emperor, Otto III, who had once been his pupil. Stephen then effected the conversion of his people to Christianity. Once St. Stephen (he was canonized in 1083) established his rule, his authority was rarely questioned. He fought few foreign wars and made his long reign a period of peaceful consolidation. But his death in 1038 was followed by many years of discord. His only son, Imre (Emeric), had predeceased him, and the nation rebelled against his designated successor, Peter (the son of Stephen's sister and the doge of Venice), who was expelled in 1041. Peter returned in 1044 with the help of Emperor Henry III. The “national” king, Samuel Aba, who had taken Peter's place, was murdered, but Peter himself was killed in a pagan rebellion in 1046. Andrew (Endre) I, of a collateral branch of the house of Árpád, was killed in 1060 fleeing from his brother, Béla I, and after Béla's death there was a further conflict between his sons, Géza and Ladislas (László), and Andrew's son, Salamon. Peace returned only when, after the short rule of Géza I (1074-77), the throne passed to Ladislas I, who occupied it until 1095. http://en.wikipedia.org
William B.
