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Charles Alexander Augustus John, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (German: Carl Alexander August Johann; 24 June 1818 - 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death. Biography Born in Weimar, he was the second but eldest surviving son of Carl Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia. When he was the Hereditary Grand Duke, Carl Alexander established a strong friendship with Fanny Lewald and Hans Christian Andersen, but this close relationship stopped in 1849 for the war against Denmark in favor of the duchy of Schleswig-Holstein (The First German-Danish War). On 8 July 1853 his father died, and Karl Alexander became Grand Duke; but he stopped his constitutional accession until the Goethe's birthday, on 28 August 1853. The Danish author and poet Hans Christian Andersen was reportedly infatuated with Carl Alexander writing that "I quite love the young duke, he is the first of all princes that I really find attractive". Carl Alexander renewed the Wartburg Castle and left in many places of Eisenach his traces. He was the protector of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt, retained the tradition of Weimar classical period and gave the old part of Weimar a better and new appearance with the establishment of the monuments Herders, how/as country and the double monument of Goethe and Schiller. In 1860, he created the Art School of Weimar (with Arnold Böcklin, Franz of Lenbach and the plastic artist Reinhold Begas). In the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), Carl Alexander participated only in "Samaritan"; stressed, however, for his war entrance in favor of Schleswig in 1849. His reign ended with that Weimar Congress of the Goethe Federation (also called Lex Heinze) in November 1900, and this event called his government as the Silver Age of Weimar. He was the 1,045th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain and the 71st Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword in 1854. He died at Weimar in 1901. Following his death, he was succeeded as Grand Duke by his grandson Wilhelm Ernst, because his only son Carl August had predeceased him. Family and children At Kneuterdijk Palace in The Hague, on 8 October 1842, Carl Alexander married his first cousin, Princess Sophie of the Netherlands, daughter of William II and Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia, sister of his mother. They had four children: Carl August Wilhelm Nicolaus Alexander Michael Bernhard Heinrich Frederick Stefan, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b. Weimar, 31 July 1844 - d. Cap Martin, France, 20 November 1894). Marie Anna Alexandrine Sophie Auguste Helene (b. Weimar, 20 January 1849 - d. Trebschen, 6 May 1922), known as Marie; married on 6 February 1876 to Prince Heinrich VII Reuss. Maria Anna Sophia Elisabeth Bernhardine Ida Auguste Helene (b. Weimar, 29 March 1851 - d. Weimar, 26 April 1859), known as Anna. Elisabeth Sibylle Maria Dorothea Anna Amalie Luise (b. Weimar, 28 February 1854 - d. Wiligrad, 10 July 1908), known as Elisabeth; married on 6 November 1886 to Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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