Robert DE VERMANDOIS
Characteristics
| Type | Value | Date | Place | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | Robert DE VERMANDOIS |
[1]
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??spouses-and-children_en_US??
| Marriage | ??spouse_en_US?? | Children |
|---|---|---|
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before 950
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Adelais DE VERGY |
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Notes for this person
Medieval Lands by Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ROBERT de Vermandois, son of HERIBERT [II] Comte de Vermandois & hiswife Adela [Capet] (-after 19 Jun 966). "Rodberti filium Heriberticomitis" witnessed a charter of "Gauzfredus comes" dated Jul940[2007]. Under the division of the territories organised subsequentto his father's death in 943, Robert became Comte de Meaux. He becameComte de Troyes in 956 on the death of his father-in-law, by right ofhis wife. Richer names "Robertus Trecarum princeps, Heriberti tirannifilius, Hugonis vero abdicate frater" when recording his rebellionagainst King Lothaire and capture of Dijon in 959[2008]. TheChronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis records that “Rotbertumcomitem” expelled “Ansegisum Trecarum Episcopus” who sought refuge “inSaxoniam ad Ottonem Imperatorem”, dated to 959[2009]. Otto I King ofGermany sent his son Bruno to besiege Troyes, and King Lothar attackedDijon which capitulated in 960[2010]. "Gaufridus…Andecavorum comes"issued a charter dated 19 Jun 966 subscribed by "Roberti comitisTrecassinorum…"[2011]. m (before 950) [as her first husband,] ADELAIS [Wera], daughter ofGISELBERT Duc des Bourguignons, Comte de Chalon-sur-Saône et de Troyes& his wife Ermengarde [of Burgundy] ([930/35]-after Aug 967)."Trecassine urbis comitem Robertum" donated land to "Gratianum abbatemmonasterii Sancti Petri Dervensis" by charter dated 6 Aug 959, signedby "Adelais comitisse, Erberti filii eorum, Walteriivicecomitis"[2012]. The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon recordsthe death in 956 of "Gislebertus comes Burgundionum", names "filiaLeudegarde" and "aliam…filiam…Werram", and the latter's marriage to"Robertus comes Trecassinorum"[2013]. It is unclear why these twosources refer to the wife of Comte Robert by different names, as"Adelais comitisse" who signed the 959 charter must have been the sameperson as the wife of Robert named in 956 because the former documentalso refers to "Erberti filii eorum". It is possible that thereference to "Werram" is a transcription error as no other referenceto this name has so far been found in other contemporary Frenchsources. Her birth date range is estimated from her own daughter'sestimated birth date of [950]. Comte Robert & his wife had [four] children: 1. HERIBERT [V] "le Jeune" ([945/50]-28 Jan 995 or 996, burAbbaye de Lagny-en-Mussien). "Trecassine urbis comitem Robertum"donated land to "Gratianum abbatem monasterii Sancti Petri Dervensis"by charter dated 6 Aug 959, signed by "Adelais comitisse, Erbertifilii eorum, Walterii vicecomitis"[2014]. He succeeded his father in966 as Comte de Meaux et Comte de Troyes . It is assumed thatHéribert [V] succeeded his paternal uncle Héribert [III] in [983/Apr985], based on the following argument. A letter of Gerbert dated 983records that "Heriberti Trecassini et Oddonis comitis filii Tedbaldi"were enemies of "Adelbero Remonis archiepiscopus"[2015]. However, aletter dated to Apr 985 names "Ottonis et Heriberti", while a letterdated to mid-985 records that "Ottonem, Heribertum" made peace withthe archbishop[2016]. Another letter of Gerbert dated to [late986/early 987] records that "O et Heribertus comites" were part of thecouncil of Emma Queen of France[2017]. It is assumed that"Oddonis/Ottonem/O" all refer to the same person. However, it issuggested that only the first letter applies to Héribert [III], thechange to Héribert [V] being indicated in the subsequent letters by"Heribertum" being named after "Ottonem" instead of before, whichsuggests that he was the junior of the two from Apr-985. On the deathof his paternal uncle Héribert [III] "le Vieux", Lothaire King ofFrance invested him with Epernay and le Perthois. He helped KingLothaire conquer Lotharingia, and imprisoned the comte deVerdun[2018]. m ---. 959. The name of Héribert's wife is not known.Bur suggests[2019] that she was a daughter of Etienne [Stephanus]Comte de Gévaudan & his second wife Adelais d'Anjou, basing his theoryon the transmission of the name "Stephanus" to the couple's son.Héribert [V] & his wife had one child: a) STEPHANUS [Etienne] (-[1 Jun 1019/9 Jun 1021], bur Abbayede Lagny-en-Mussien). Rodulfus Glaber names "Stephanus comes Trecorumet Meldorum, Heriberti filius", recording that after his death withoutan heir "secundus Odo filius…prioris Odonis" seized all theestates[2020]. He succeeded his father as Comte de Meaux, Comte deTroyes et de Vitry. “Stephano comite et Ala comitissa coniuge sua”are named as present at the elevation of the body of Saint Ayoul deProvins, dated to [996/99][2021]. Robert II King of France donatedproperty to Lagny abbey, at the request of “Stephanus…comes…nosteretiam nepos”, by charter dated 24 Feb 1019 which names “pater suusHerbertus”[2022]. The only family relationship which has beenidentified between King Robert and Comte Stephanus is that the king´spaternal grandfather´s sister was the wife of Héribert [II] Comte deVermandois, who was Stephanus´s paternal great grandfather, whichappears remote for the word “nepos” to apply. It is possible thatthere is a closer relationship through Stephanus´s otherwise unknownmother. m (before 999) ALIX, daughter of ---. “Stephano comite etAla comitissa coniuge sua” are named as present at the elevation ofthe body of Saint Ayoul de Provins, dated to [996/99][2023]. 2. ADELA de Meaux ([950]-974 after 6 Mar). A manuscriptgenealogy, dated to the early 12th century, records "Herbertus deTricis, Robertus, Adela, Fulco, Gaufridus Martellus"[2024]. Hermarriage date is estimated based on the estimated birth date of heroldest daughter. "Adela" donated property to Saint-Aubin d'Angers bycharter dated 6 Mar 974 which names "seniore meo Gauzfredo comite" andis subscribed by "Gauzfredi comitis, Fulconis filii eius, Gauzfredifilii eius"[2025]. The Chronicæ Sancti Albini names "Adelacomitissa…et marito suo Gaufrido" as present at the ordination of"Rainaldus episcopus" in 1074[2026]. "Fulco Andecavorum comes"relinquished rights to the bishop of Angers "pro anima patris meiGauffredi et matris Adelæ" by charter dated 17 Jan 1020[2027]. m([965]) as his first wife, GEOFFROY I “Grisegonelle” Comte d'Anjou,son of FOULQUES II Comte d’Anjou & his first wife Gerberge [de Maine](-21 Jul 987). 3. [ADELAIS de Troyes ([950/55]-after 991). The HistoriaFrancorum Senonensis refers to the wife of "Karolus" as "filiamHerberti comitis Trecarum"[2028]. Assuming the birth of the couple'seldest son in 970, this could not refer to Héribert, son of Robert,whose birth is dated to [950]. It is also unlikely to have beenHéribert II Comte de Vermandois, father of Robert, who was not Comtede Troyes. Settipani suggests[2029] that the Historia must be inerror and that her father was Robert Comte de Troyes. This would notbe the only error in this source, as the Historia also refers to"Karolus, frater eius [=Hludovicus], filius Hlotharii regis" whenrecording his "succession" in 987[2030]. The Chronico RichardiPictavensis also names "Carolus uxore sua…filia Herberti ComitisTrecarum"[2031], presumably based on the same source as the Historia.Her name is recorded by Richer, who states that "Karolum…cum uxoreAdelaide et filio Ludovico, et filiabus duabus, quarum alteraGerberga, altera Adelaidis dicebatur, necnon et Arnulfo nepote" wereimprisoned by Hugues "Capet" King of France[2032]. Orderic Vitalislinks to the two sets of references by recording that Charles wasimprisoned with his wife who was the daughter of Heribert Comte deTroyes[2033]. An interesting twist to this apparentlystraight-forward explanation is provided by another passage in Richerwhich refers disparagingly to Charles's marriage to "uxorem demilitari ordine sibi imparem"[2034]. It is difficult to imagine thisdescription being appropriate to the Vermandois/Carolingian origin ofCharles's known wife. Ferdinand Lot therefore proposed that the textmeans that Charles was married twice[2035]. If such a second marriagedid take place, it must have occurred at the height of the disputebetween Charles and his brother King Lothar around [975]. At thattime Charles was challenging his brother's authority to rule, and itis difficult to imagine that he would weaken his own position bycontracting an unequal marriage. The comment by Richer couldpresumably be explained by his personal dislike of the Vermandoisfamily. m ([970]) CHARLES de France, son of LOUIS IV "d'Outremer"King of the Franks & his wife Gerberga von Sachsen (Laon summer 953-inprison Orléans after 991, bur 1001 Maastricht, St Servatius). He wasinvested as Duke of Lower Lotharingia by Emperor Otto II in May 977.] 4. [ARCHAMBAUD (-29 Aug 968, bur Sens Saint-Pierre-le-Vif).Archbishop of Sens 959. The Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensisrecords that “Archembaldus” was installed as archbishop “V Kal Jul”,in 959 from the context[2036]. According to Gallia Christiana[2037],Archambaud Archbishop of Sens was the son of Robert Comte de Troyesand his wife Adelais de Bourgogne. This may be based on the ChroniconSancti Petri Vivi Senonensis which records the death “in…menseAugusto” (in 968 from the context) of “pater ipsius Rotbertus…virnobilis”, referring to archbishop Archambaud[2038], assuming that thisrefers to Robert Comte de Troyes whose activities are recorded earlierin the same source. However, the chronology is unfavourable for thisparentage to be correct. The Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensisrecords the death “IV Kal Sep” (in 968 from the context) of“Archembaldus Archiepiscopus…adhuc iuvenis” and his burial “inbasilica beati Petri”[2039]. Although stated to be “iuvenis” when hedied, he must have been a young child when installed as archbishop ifthe estimated dates of marriage and birth of the members of ComteRobert´s family are correct. His extreme youth at the time of hisappointment is not commented on in the sources so far consulted. Inany case, the name Archambaud is not otherwise found in the family ofthe comtes de Vermandois, which also suggests that the suggestedparentage might not be correct.] [2007] Cluny, Tome I, 511, p. 496. [2008] Richer III.XI, p. 12. [2009] Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis, Spicilegium II, p. 470. [2010] Settipani (1993), p. 231. [2011] Broussillon, B. de (ed.) (1903) Cartulaire de l'abbaye deSaint-Aubin d'Angers (Paris) (“Angers Saint-Aubin”) 2, p. 4. [2012] Montiéramey 14, p. 19. [2013] Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon 956, p. 135, quoted inSettipani (1993), p. 232 footnote 299, although this reference doesnot appear in the edition consulted. [2014] Montiéramey 14, p. 19. [2015] Gerbert 17, p. 13. [2016] Gerbert 59, p. 58. [2017] Gerbert 97, p. 89. [2018] The letters of Gerbert cited above, and Settipani (1993), p.234. [2019] Bur, M. 'A propos du nom d'Etienne: le mariage aquitain deLouis V et la devolution des comtés champenois', Annales de Midi(1990), pp. 339-47, cited in Settipani (1993), p. 233. [2020] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.5, p. 105. [2021] Miracula S. Aigulphi I, 1, Acta Sanctorum, Sep I, p. 758. [2022] RHGF X, p. 602, and Arbois de Jubainville (1859) Histoire desducs et des comtes de Champagne Tome I (Paris), p. 465. [2023] Miracula S. Aigulphi I, 1, Acta Sanctorum, Sep I, p. 758. [2024] Halphen & Poupardin (1913), Genealogiæ comitum Andegavensium,VI, p. 249. [2025] Angers Saint-Aubin I, 3, p. 7. [2026] Chronicæ sancti Albini Andegavensis, Chroniques des Eglisesd'Anjou, p. 20. [2027] Angers 22, p. 52. [2028] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX,p. 368. [2029] Settipani (1993), pp. 337-39 footnote 1010. [2030] Hugonis Floriacensis, Historia Francorum Senonensis, MGH SS IX,p. 367. [2031] Chronico Richardi Pictavensis, RHGF IX, p. 22. [2032] Richeri Historiæ IV 49, MGH SS III, p. 642. [2033] Orderic Vitalis I, p. 160. [2034] Richeri Historiæ IV 11, MGH SS III, p. 633. [2035] Lot, F. (1891) Les derniers Carolingiens, Lothaire, Louis V,Charles de Lorraine (954-991) (Paris, Bibliothèque de l'Ecole pratiquedes hautes études fasc. 87), p. 209 n. 2, cited in Settipani (1993),p. 337 footnote 1010. [2036] Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis, Spicilegium II, p. 470. [2037] Gallia Christiana, Sens et Auxerre, p. 34. [2038] Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis, Spicilegium II, p. 470. [2039] Chronicon Sancti Petri Vivi Senonensis, Spicilegium II, p. 470.
Sources
| 1 | Foundation for Medieveal Geneology, Champaign Nobility: Chapter 21: Comtes de Troyes
Author: Charles Cawley
Publication: Name: Medeival Lands; Location: Oak House, Vowchurch, Hereford, HR20RB, England; Date: 2001-2011;
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| The development of the county of Champagne followed a curious course,only emerging in its final form in the mid-12th century, far laterthan most other counties in medieval France. The county lay along theeastern border between the kingdom of France and the imperialterritories, to the east of Paris. It corresponded approximately tothe current French départements of (from north to south) Ardennes,Marne, Aube and Yonne. Ecclesiastically, the county was split betweenthe archbishoprics of Reims and Sens. During the 5th to 7th centuries, the territory of the future county ofChampagne straddled the kingdoms of Austrasia and Burgundy, and musthave been subject to conflicting pressures at least until about[633/34]. At the end of the 5th century, the kings of Burgundyexpanded their area of influence westwards to include the southernpart of the territory[1]. On the death of the Merovingian kingChilperic in 511, Champagne formed part of the lands inherited by hisoldest son king Theoderic, whose territories later evolved into thekingdom of Austrasia and who established his base at Reims. At thepartition of Frankish territories in 561 after the death of KingChlothachar I, his son King Sigebert I received most of the territorypreviously held by King Theoderic and retained Reims as his capital.However, the southern part of the future county reverted to Burgundianinfluence and was incorporated into the land which passed toSigebert's brother Guntchramn[2]. When King Dagobert I appointed hisson Sigebert as king of Austrasia in [633/34], the whole of Champagneappears to have been included in his territorial allocation[3]. Thereis insufficient data available in the primary sources consulted toenable us to be precise about political boundaries during theMerovingian period. However, this early fluidity of borders in theChampagne area may have impeded the development of territorialidentity and may help explain the delayed evolution of Champagne as acounty, compared particularly with the counties of Blois (see thedocument CENTRAL FRANCE, NOBILITY) and Vermandois (NORTHERN FRANCE,NOBILITY) with whose existence it was so inextricably linked, asexplained below. A greater and more long-lasting impact on Champagne resulted from theCarolingian partition under the treaty of Verdun in 843. This leftthe future county firmly on the French side of the divide which markedthe eastern boundary between the west Frankish kingdom and the kingdomof Lotharingia. The border was consolidated into the permanentboundary between the French kingdom and the Holy Roman Empire, whichmeant that Champagne evolved differently from its eastern neighboursthe duchies of Bar and Lorraine which remained under imperialsuzerainty. This demarcation was to have a marked influence on theeastward expansion of the kingdom of France well into the 17thcentury. The earliest reference so far identified in the primary sources toChampagne as an entity is the appointment of Drogo, son of Pepin "leGros" maior domus of Austrasia and Neustria, as dux of Champagne in[688/90][4]. Thereafter the absence of Champagne from 8th to 10thcentury sources is striking. It is suggested that this was duepartly to the temporal control over large parts of the territory whichwas exercised by the archbishops of Reims, In addition, theneighbouring county of Vermandois spread its influence into theChampagne area during the late 9th and 10th centuries. Regino refers,in the late 9th century, to "Folcone episcopo, Heriberto et Pippinocomitibus in Remorum civitate", presumably referring to Héribert [I](later Comte de Vermandois) and his brother Pépin, which shows thatthey and the bishop constituted the dominant influence in Reims, theheart of the future county of Champagne. Several decades later,Héribert [II] Comte de Vermandois, son of Héribert [I], was powerfulenough in Champagne to engineer the appointment of his infant son tothe temporal administration of the archbishopric of Reims, triggeringa dispute which persisted for more than 20 years. Lastly, Héribert"le Vieux", son of comte Héribert [II], is recorded as Comte d'Omoisand Comte de Meaux in the mid-10th century, territories which lay tothe south-east of Reims, at some distance from the family's originalcentre of operations in Vermandois and well within the territory ofwhat later developed into the county of Champagne. A similar pattern emerged in the county of Troyes, to the south ofChampagne, which was held in turn by Burgundian and Vermandoisfamilies. The county is first recorded in the second half of the 9thcentury in the family of Harduin, a count in Burgundy. After thedeath of Harduin's grandson Robert in 886, the succession to Troyes isunclear until the mid-10th century when it was held by Giselbert Dukeof Burgundy. After Giselbert died in 956, Troyes passed to hisson-in-law Robert de Vermandois, son of Count Héribert [II], whicheffectively completed a pincer movement by the Vermandois family overthe territory of the future county of Champagne. On the death in[1019/21] of Count Robert's grandson, Etienne Comte de Troyes, thecounty of Troyes appears to have passed to Eudes II Comte de Blois,although the primary source which confirms that this is correct hasnot yet been identified. At any rate, Etienne, son of Comte Eudes II,is recorded as succeeding his father in the counties of Meaux andTroyes in 1037[5]. Etienne's son, Count Eudes III, was expelled fromTroyes in 1071, when the county passed to his cousin Eudes, son ofThibaut III Comte de Blois. References to Champagne as a county re-emerge in primary sources inthe late 11th century, when the family of the comtes de Blois acquiredcontrol over the counties of Champagne and Troyes. The Chronicle ofAlberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to "Hugonem Campanie comitem"(brother of Eudes de Blois) as one of the sons of "comiti CampanieTheobaldo"[6], referring to Count Thibaut III, although it is notclear that the latter claimed to be count of Champagne during hislifetime. Count Hugues's possession of Champagne is confirmed by thecharter dated 1110 under which "Hugo comes Campanie, Theobaldi comitisfilius" founded the abbey of Notre-Dame de Cheminon[7]. On theretirement of Count Hugues in 1125 to become a Knight Templar, thecounty passed to his nephew Thibaut IV "le Grand" Comte de Blois et deTroyes. The evolution of the title Count Palatine/comte palatin ("comespalatinus"), borne by the counts of Champagne, follows a similarlyunusual path. The title was first granted by Lothaire King of Franceto Héribert "le Vieux" Comte de Meaux et de Troyes, probably in the960s and maybe as an honorary appointment because Héribert had marriedthe king's paternal grandmother. The title is next recorded withEudes II Comte de Blois. The precise route of transmission is notknown, but it is assumed that it had become permanently associatedwith the county of Troyes which, as mentioned above, passed to ComteEudes on the death of Etienne, who was the great-nephew of Héribert"le Vieux". The title subsequently passed to Thibaut IV Comte deBlois, as shown by the record of his 1152 death in the necrology ofChartres cathedral in which he is named "Teobaldus comespalatinus"[8]. The final consolidation of the titles Comte de Troyes, Comte deChampagne and Count Palatine was achieved by Count Henri "le Libéral"who succeeded his father Count Thibaut IV in 1152. Count Henri is thefirst member of the family of the comtes de Blois to be referred toconsistently in primary sources as comte de Champagne. The comtes de Champagne made up for their delayed start inconsolidating their county by two judicious marriages at the end ofthe 12th century. By marrying the heiress of the kingdom of Jerusalemin 1192, Henri II Comte de Champagne succeeded as king of Jerusalem,leaving his French county to his younger brother who in 1199 marriedthe Navarrese princess who ultimately became heiress of the kingdom ofNavarre. While Henri's reign in Jerusalem was short-lived, thekingdom of Navarre passed to the comtes de Champagne after the deathin 1234 of Sancho VII King of Navarre, and remained in the familyuntil the marriage in 1284 of Jeanne Queen of Navarre and the futurePhilippe IV "le Bel" King of France. Because of the late development of a centralised county in theChampagne area, other nobles families emerged within the territorywith the title count. By the time of the accession of Henri "leLibéral" Comte de Champagne in 1152, these "lesser" counts had fallenunder the suzerainty of the comtes de Champagne, providing one of thefew examples in medieval France where counts were vassals of othercounts. Several of these comital families played prominent roles inmedieval Europe, contracting high-profile marriages with nobility androyalty from outside their home base in Champagne. In this respect,Champagne represents an atypical example in the development of localnobility in French counties. The explanation for this is not obvious,although one possible explanation is the county's strategic locationon the boundary of imperial jurisdiction which may have encouraged therise to prominence of a greater share of noble families than was thecase, for instance, in counties which were located well within theFrench heartland in central and western France. The fact that, from1234, the comtes de Champagne were also kings of Navarre may also haveenabled the local nobility to leverage their positions upwards on theEuropean political scene. In addition, lesser nobility in the county of Champagne arerepresented in this document, including the Sires de Broyes, theSeigneurs de Chacenay, the Seigneurs de Châtillon-sur-Marne (whoacquired the county of Saint-Pol in northern France by marrying theheiress in 1196), the Seigneurs de Conflans, the Seigneurs de Coucy,the Seigneur de Dampierre-sur-l'Aube (who inherited Bourbon and thecounty of Flanders in the early 13th century), the Seigneurs deHierges, the Seigneurs de Joinville (later appointed to the hereditaryoffice of seneschal of the county of Champagne), the Seigneurs deLigny (of the family of the counts of Luxembourg) who later becamecomtes de Ligny, whose castle was originally situated in the county ofBar, under imperial jurisdiction, but was transferred to the kingdomof France in the 13th century, the Seigneurs de Ramerupt (whosucceeded as Comtes de Roucy in northern France in the late 11thcentury), and the Sires de Villehardouin. Champagne produced many noble adventurers who found fortune in thecrusader kingdoms in the Levant. Baudouin de Rethel played an activerole in the First Crusade, was rewarded for his service with thecounty of Edessa to the east of Cilician Armenia, and succeeded asking of Jerusalem in 1118. The comtes de Brienne provided one king ofJerusalem (Jean de Brienne, who subsequently also became emperor ofthe Latin Empire of Constantinople), an unsuccessful claimant to thethrone of Sicily, and a duke of Athens in the early 14th century. TheSeigneurs de Châtillon-sur-Marne provided a prince of Antioch. TheSeigneurs de Hierges also established themselves in the kingdom ofJerusalem soon after the First Crusade, but the family's career wascut short when Manassès de Hierges, ex-Constable of the kingdom ofJerusalem, was ignominiously required to return to the west as theprice for obtaining his release from Turkish captivity in 1154. TheSires de Villehardouin provided the famous chronicler, and also becameprinces of Achaia in mainland Greece in the early 13th century. The marriage in 1284 of Jeanne Queen of Navarre and the futurePhilippe IV "le Bel" King of France marked the point at which thecounty of Champagne was effectively transferred into the domaineroyale of the Capetian kings. |
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