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Sir Henry Green (c. 1347 - 1399) was a courtier and councillor to Richard II. Ancestry Born in Greens Norton, Northamptonshire, he was the son of Sir Henry Green, a lawyer and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, by his second marriage to Katherine Drayton, daughter of Sir John Drayton of Drayton.[1] Career Green inherited Drayton House in Northamptonshire at his father's death in 1370. He became a JP in 1380 and MP for Huntingdonshire in 1390, for Northamptonshire in 1394 and 1397 and finally in the autumn of 1397 MP for Wiltshire. He also served in France with John of Gaunt. He became a close confidante of King Richard II. Along with Sir John Bussy and Sir William Bagot he was appointed one of the eccentric Richard's 'continual councillors' who gained an unsavoury reputation. At one point they advised the king to confiscate the lands of the exiled Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford. When Bolingbroke returned from exile in 1399 to reclaim his inheritance, the three councillors decided flight was the best option. Bussy and Green sought sanctuary in Bristol Castle but were delivered up to Bolingbroke on 29 July 1399, who had them beheaded the following day. All three continual councillors (referred to as "caterpillars") feature in Shakespeare's historical play King Richard II, generally listed as "Bushy, Baghot and Green". Green also appears in the anonymous Elizabethan play Thomas of Woodstock. Family He married Maud (or Matilda) Mauduit, daughter and heiress of Thomas Mauduit, by whom he had several children, including; Ralph, his heir Eleanor, m. Sir John Fitzwilliam (d. 5 July 1417).[2][3] John, Lord of Drayton Notes Jump up ^ Summerson 2004. Jump up ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 477-8. Jump up ^ Richardson II 2011, pp. 217-18. References Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G., ed. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1449966381. Summerson, Henry (2004). "Green, Sir Henry (d. 1369)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/11383. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500 American Historical Society. 1n. History, genealogical-biographical, of the Danielson and allied families Willement’s roll of arms. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia From: http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org Family and Education b.c. 1347, 2nd s. of Sir Henry Green c.j.KB of Boughton, Northants.1 by Katherine, da. of Sir Simon Drayton of Drayton. m. bef. Aug. 1364. Maud (b. 6 Nov. 1354), da. of Thomas Mauduit and gdda. and h. of Sir John Mauduit† of Warminster, Wilts., 4s. inc. Ralph*, 2da. Kntd. by Mar. 1373. Offices Held Commr. of arrest, Notts. Jan. 1375, Northants. Dec. 1385; array Apr., July 1377, Mar. 1380, Mar. 1392; to put down rebellion Dec. 1381, Mar., Dec. 1382; hear appeals against judgements in the ct. of chivalry, July 1391; of oyer and terminer, Worcs. Apr., July 1394; weirs, Hunts., Northants. June 1398. J.p. Northants. 26 May 1380-July 1389, 1 Mar. 1397-d., Wilts. 26 Oct. 1397-d. Member of the King’s Council 1 Aug. 1397-d. Parlty. cttee. to complete unfinished business Jan. 1398. Ambassador to Scotland 22 Mar., Oct. 1398, 5 Mar. 1399.2 Jt. keeper of Rochester and Leeds castles, Kent 7 July 1399-d., of Wallingford castle, Berks. 12 July 1399-d. It was apparently not until the Parliament of January 1397, in which Green sat for Northamptonshire, that he came to the personal attention of Richard II; but once known to the King he immediately won his confidence, and on 1 Mar., shortly after the dissolution, he was retained to serve him for life, receiving a fee of 40 marks a year. Richard showed his hand against the Appellants in July, and on 1 Aug. Green was charged to attend the Council, being granted £100 a year while so doing. In the Parliament which assembled in September, Sir Henry sat for Wiltshire, a county with which he had previously had little to do, but where he did hold property and seems to have occasionally resided. He took a leading role in the Parliament, where he joined Sir William Bagot in assisting the Speaker, Sir John Bussy, to manoeuvre the Commons into furthering the King’s plans; thus, at their instigation the charters of pardon granted to the Appellants were annulled. It is from this time that the three names, Bussy, Bagot and Green, take on a sinister aspect: ‘milites valde cupidi et ambitiosi et tumid’, as Walsingham was to describe them after their fall. Bussy and Green, in particular, now assumed a dominant place on the Council, and in October it was they who ‘reporterent au consail qe la volunte du Roy estoit’. Moreover, it was declared that for the negotiation of certain forced loans none should be present in the Council save the chancellor, the treasurer, the keeper of the privy seal and these three knights. Their loyalty met with rich reward from the estates forfeited by the Appellants: on 26 Sept. Green and Bussy secured possession of the household stuff of the earl of Arundel’s London inn along with the earl of Warwick’s barge; the following day Green surrendered his 40 marks; annuity in exchange for two of Arundel’s manors in Wiltshire and one of Warwick’s in Warwickshire, to be held for life free of rent; on the 28th he received a grant in tail of Warwick’s manors of Cosgrove and Preston Capes, Northamptonshire, and the reversion of Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire (having already obtained the farm of the last at the Exchequer); and on 3 Oct. he shared with Bussy a grant of Lord Cobham’s inn in London. Finally, in April 1398, he obtained the wardship and marriage of Sir Andrew Luttrell’s heir.7 In the meantime, at Shrewsbury on 31 Jan. 1398, on the last day of the final session of the Parliament, Green and Bussy had been appointed to the important committee of 12 lords and six commoners set up to deal with parliamentary business left unfinished through lack of time, and to hear the charges of treason brought, the one against the other, by Henry of Bolingbroke and Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk. In the autumn he and Bussy were sent on an embassy to Scotland to redress infractions of the truce, and their negotiations reached fruition with a treaty signed on 26 Oct. On 18 Mar. 1399 Green was present when the parliamentary committee appointed in the previous year revoked the letters patent permitting Bolingbroke and Norfolk to appoint attorneys to receive any inheritance that might fall to them during their exile, and two days later, along with Bussy and the bishops of St. Davids and Salisbury, he was granted custody of all of Norfolk’s property in England and Wales. On the 23rd he obtained royal confirmation of his annuity from the duchy of Lancaster, now in the King’s hands following Gaunt’s death and the exclusion of Bolingbroke from his inheritance. In April he agreed at act as attorney in England for Edward, son of the duke of York and himself duke of Aumâle, and for Lord Lovell, who were about to depart for Ireland with the King. Green himself was to be a leading member of the government during the King’s absence, and his first task was the renewal of the truce with Scotland, which necessitated a journey north in May.8 The crisis came quickly. On 7 July the duke of York (guardian of the realm during Richard II’s absence) and other councillors appointed three of their own number, William le Scrope, earl of Wiltshire, Green and Bussy, as keepers of the royal castles of Rochester and Leeds, in order to defend Kent against Bolingbroke’s expected invasion. Four days later, however, along with Bagot they took direct control of Wallingford castle where the queen’s household was in residence. With the news of Bolingbroke’s rapid advance after his landing in Yorkshire, the earl and the three knights hurried to Bristol. Bagot made good his escape, but when, on 29 July, Bristol castle surrendered to Bolingbroke (with whom York now allied himself), Wiltshire, Bussy and Green were beheaded. Faced with imminent death, the conscience-stricken Green had admitted to unjustly keeping one Walter Parke of Upton Scudamore out of his property in Wiltshire for ten years, and hastily made over to the wronged man his best ox team there.9 Green’s estates were promptly seized, and in his first Parliament Henry IV declared that he and the other two executed at Bristol were ‘coupablez de toute le male q’avoit venuz au Roialme’. At the same time, however, the new King showed generosity to Green’s children, in seeking to ensure that the younger ones had adequate means of support, and in permitting the heir, Sir Henry’s eldest son, Ralph, to receive seisin of his estates when he came of age in the following year.10 Wiltshire, Bussy and Green were the only victims of the usurpation of any importance, and it would appear that they were sacrificed in the temporary panic which followed news of Richard II’s landing in Wales. Their more fortunate colleague, Bagot, lived on to obtain Henry’s pardon. There can be little doubt of their unpopularity, as expressed in contemporary lampoons, or of their identification with the worst aspects of Richard II’s personal rule, but they were perhaps undeserving of Adam of Usk’s description of them as ‘regis pessimi conciliarii et ejus malicie principales fautores’.11 Notes 1. R. Halstead, Succinct Gens. 153-4. T. F. Tout (Chapters, iv. 11) erroneously assumed that Green was the gds. of the chief justice. 2.Foedera ed. Rymer (orig. edn.), viii. 47, 54, 69, 72. 3. H. Knighton, Chron. ed. Lumby, ii. 121; Sel. Cases King’s Bench (Selden Soc. lxxxii), p. xxiv; VCH Northants. iii. 237-8; CIPM, xii. 355; xvi. 624-5; CCR, 1369-74, pp. 47-49, 53; Essex Feet of Fines, iii. 143; VCH Cambs. v. 177; CChR, v. 300. 4.VCH Hants, iv. 369; VCH Hunts. iii. 23; CIPM, xi. 593; xv. 122-3; CCR, 1399-1401, p. 177; VCH Wilts. viii. 97-98; x. 94; CAD, i. C597; Northants. RO, Stopford Sackville mss, 4119-20. 5.CCR, 1369-74, pp. 48-49, 53; 1381-5, p. 444; CFR, viii. 48; Reg. Gaunt 1371-5, i. 32-33; 1379-83, i. 7, 44; ii. 352; T. Walsingham, Hist. Ang. ed. Riley, ii. 114; Tout, iii. 392-3; Foedera, vii. 548; Cam. Misc. xxii. 102; PRO List ‘Dip. Docs.’ 30. 6.CPR, 1381-5, p. 64; 1388-92, pp. 168-9, 514; 1391-6, pp. 262, 697; 1396-9, p. 331; CCR, 1385-9, p. 397; 1389-92, pp. 95, 108, 316, 318, 353-4, 539; 1392-6, p. 260; 1396-9, pp. 66, 83; 1399-1401, pp. 236-7; PPC, i. 14; RP, iii. 258, 633-4; CP, xii (pt. 2), 943. 7.CPR, 1396-9, pp. 87, 196, 198, 221, 226, 253, 277, 322, 332, 360; CFR, xi. 233, 236, 238; CIMisc. vi. 281, 301; Walsingham, ii. 224; J. F. Baldwin, King’s Council, 141, 253; PPC, i. 76; C81/1539/17; E28/4/46, 61, 63. 8.RP, iii. 360, 368-9, 372; E403/561 m. 1; Cal. Scots. Docs. iv. 108-10; CPR, 1396-9, pp. 519, 522, 541, 580-1; 1399-1401, p. 164; CFR, xi. 296. 9.Chron. Traison et Mort Ric. II, 162, 185-7; J. Trokelowe, Chron. ed. Riley, 243; Walsingham, ii. 232-3; CPR, 1396-9, pp. 588, 591; RP, iii. 656; E403/562 m. 14; E149/72/10; Huntingdon Lib. San Marino, Hastings mss, HAM box 70. 10.RP, iii. 453; CPR, 1396-9, p. 596; 1399-1401, pp. 21, 127, 228, 328; CIMisc. vii. 259. 11. Adam of Usk, Chron. ed. Thompson, 25; Pol. Poems and Songs ed. Wright, i. 363, 388, 436, 444, 462. Additional Information: Sir Henry de Greene, Lord Chancellor of England. Athough Henry was the second son, his father and older brother, Thomas, the rightful heir, set aside the old English law of primogeniture and gave the titles and most of the lands to him, a thing almost unheard of in those days of entailed estates.. Besides all but two of his father'ss estates, he gained through marriage to Matilda, sole heiress of her father, Lord Thomas Manduit, the lordships of Werminster, Westburg, Lye, Grateley, Dyechurch, and 'other fair possessions'. More than this, Henry's childless uncle, Simon, Lord of Drayton, settled his large estate upon Henry, stipulating that when he was dead, Henry should assume the title and bear on his escutcheon the Drayton coat-of-arms. According to Halstead, this Sir Henry de Greene was the largest landholder in all England. Like his father, Henry refused to follow the usual Greene policy of burying himself on his estates. He loved public life. His ability was so great that he became as prominent a statesman as his father before him. He was sent to the House of Commons and soon was one of the leaders. The king knighted him, and Sir Henry was made one of the King's near counselors, and later was appointed one of the Parlamentary Commissioners who helped the king govern the country. Better for him had he not been so popular with kings and princes. When Edward III died, his grandson, Richard II came to the throne. Richard II's reign was one of conspiracies and queer doings. One of the conspirators Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford and Lancaster, was banished for ten years, with the king's promise that he should not be deprived of the lands and titles . . . Duke of Lancaster died, called upon Sir Henry de Greene to help him obtain the coveted estates, and Sir Henry pointed out to the commission that the king's demand was lawful because all fiefs in England were held directly or indirectly from the king and could be confiscated by him at will , whereupon the unanimous Board of Commissioners sanctioned the king's action. There was about this time a rebellion in Ireland which Richard set out to quell, leaving the field open for Bolingbroke to seize the throne. He blamed Sir Henry as the 'brains' of the commission for his loss of lands and titles and seized him with his two companions, Sir John Bushy and the Earl of Wiltshire, at Bristol where they were beheaded September 2, 1399. The scene is decribed by Shakespeare in his Richard II, Act I and II, although not sympathetically with the 'conspirators'. Shakespeare did not let actual historical fact interfere with a good story, however. Henry "Sir Lord of Drayton" De Grene (wikipedia) (historyofparliamentonline) was born about 1347 at Greene's Norton and married Mathilda De Mauduit in 1364 when she was just ten years old. She was daughter and heiress of Thomas Mauduit, by whom he had several children .He was Sir, Lord of Drayton, Lord of Greens Norton, was a Knight of the Garter and Lord Chancellor of England. He inherited the family home at the time, DraytonHouse, from his father upon the elder Henry’s death in 1369. He was executed on July 24, 1399 by Henry Bolinbroke, who had been exiled when King Richard II seized the throne. And on the adivce of Henry, Sir John Bussy and Sir William Bagot, King Richard had confiscated all of Bolinbroke’s lands. It was after Bolinbroke reclaimed his throne he imprisoned both Henry and Bussy and then had them beheaded at Bristol Castle
William B.
