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Oldendorf beendete mit 15 die High School und ging für drei Jahre an das Union College in Schenectady. Seinen Medical Doctor (MD) bekam er 1947 am Albany Medical College in New York. Danach arbeitete er drei Jahre in der Psychiatrie am Ellis Hospital in Schenectady. Es folgte ein zweijähriger Militärdienst als Sanitätsoffizier am U.S. Naval Hospital in Newport, Rhode Island. Anschließend ging er nach Minneapolis an die Klinik der University of Minnesota. 1956 wechselte er an die Medizinische Fakultät der University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), wo er Professor für Neurologie und Psychiatrie wurde. Einer seiner Arbeitsschwerpunkte war die Blut-Hirn-Schranke. Für deren Erforschung entwickelte er eine Reihe neuer Verfahren, die sehr häufig auf Radionukliden basieren. An der University of California war Oldendorf zu Beginn der 1960er Jahre ein Pionier für die Entwicklung der Computertomographie. Er veröffentlichte 1961 den ersten Artikel über radiographic tomography und erhielt 1963 das weltweit erste Patent für einen Tomographen.[1] Doch Oldendorfs Arbeiten an der computed axial tomography (CAT) [2] fanden damals nur wenig Beachtung. Zehn Jahre später entwickelte der spätere Nobelpreisträger Godfrey Hounsfield Oldendorfs Ideen weiter und baute den ersten Computertomographen. Oldendorf wurde bei der Nobelpreisverleihung 1979 vom Nobelkomitee nicht berücksichtigt, was noch Jahre später sehr kontrovers diskutiert wurde.[1][3] 1975 bekamen Hounsfield und Oldendorf für ihre Arbeiten den Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, die höchste medizinisch-wissenschaftliche Auszeichnung in den Vereinigten Staaten. Den Ziedses-des-Plantes-Preis erhielt Oldendorf ebenfalls zusammen mit Hounsfield 1974. Eine Reihe weiterer Auszeichnungen folgten. 1991 wurde Oldendorf als erster Neurologe in die National Academy of Sciences gewählt. Er war zudem Gründungsmitglied der American Society for Neuroimaging (ASN). William Henry Oldendorf verstarb im Alter von 67 Jahren an den Komplikationen einer Herzerkrankung. Er hinterließ seine Frau Stella und drei Söhne. Bücher [Bearbeiten] W. Oldendorf: The Quest for an Image of the Brain: Computerized Tomography in the Perspective of Past and Future Imaging Methods. Raven Press, 1980, ISBN 0-890-04429-5 W. Oldendorf und W. Oldendorf Jr.: Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Verlag Springer, 1988, ISBN 0-898-38964-X Daneben tragen über 250 Artikel in verschiedenen Fachzeitschriften Oldendorfs Namen. Q: Wikipedia ------------- William Henry Oldendorf, Neurology; Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences: Los Angeles 1925-1992 Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry William Henry Oldendorf, an internationally renowned neuroscientist, died at the age of 67 on December, 14, 1992, from complications of heart disease. At the time of his death Oldendorf was a senior professor of both neurology and psychiatry. He was also senior medical investigator and director of the I. Arthur Mirsky Neuroscience Laboratory at the West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center. A native of Schenectady, New York, Oldendorf graduated from high school at age 15, completed premedical studies at Union College in three years, and received an M.D. degree from Albany Medical College, in 1947. Following a medical internship at the Ellis Hospital in Schenectady, he completed a three-year residency in psychiatry in the New York State Department of Mental Health Residency Training Program. Then he served for two years on active duty in the United States Navy as a medical officer at the U.S. Naval Hospital at Newport, Rhode Island. After leaving the Navy, Oldendorf had a fellowship in neurology at the University of Minnesota Hospitals in Minneapolis, and was subsequently certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology as a diplomate in both specialties. In 1956, Oldendorf joined the faculty of the new school of medicine at the University of California, and the staff of the nearby UCLA-affiliated West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center. He quickly became an active member of UCLA's academic community, where his scientific, clinical, and teaching abilities were highly admired from the outset. He was an outstanding educator at the bedside, in seminars, at clinical conferences, in the auditorium, and in his laboratory, where a seemingly simple question from a student or colleague could evolve into an hour-long discussion about theory, process, or result. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ? 134 ? Throughout his career, Oldendorf pursued two major lines of research with characteristic creativity, intensity, and success. The first line was influential in the evolving concept of neuroimaging. The second involved fundamental observations of cerebral metabolism and mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier. Oldendorf's pioneering studies and seminal ideas are widely acknowledged as having laid the basic principles for computerized axial tomographic (CAT) scanning, and they also contributed significantly to the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During this era of progress in scientific understanding of the brain and behavior, Oldenforf also became an international authority on how the blood-brain barrier exercises its highly complex and dynamic functions. It was Oldendorf who first conceptualized the principles required to visualize the complex internal structure of an object from projections of its radioactivity absorption pattern. With typical ingenuity, using materials found in his home (such as his son's toy train and track, a phonograph turntable, and an alarm clock motor), Oldendorf demonstrated a radiographic method of producing cross-sectional images of soft tissue by back-projection and reconstruction. His landmark paper, published in 1961, was the very first description of the basic concept later used in computerized tomography. In October 1963 Oldendorf was also the first to receive a U.S. patent for his “radiant energy apparatus for investigating selected areas of interior objects obscured by dense material.” This was a prototype which led to the development of the first CAT scanning devices. It was a fundamental discovery which also served as a basis for MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and perhaps other imaging techniques yet to be discovered. Eventually Oldendorf and Godfrey Hounsfield shared the Ziedses des Plantes Gold Medal (1974) and the Albert and Mary Lasker Award (1975) for development of the CAT scanner. There are many who believe that Oldendorf also deserved to share with Hounsfield and Allen Cormack the 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his original work in that field. When a colleague went to commiserate with Oldendorf on his unfair omission from that prestigious award, he responded with characteristic candor and elan, “Naturally I'm disappointed; but I'll keep working and maybe one day I'll win a Nobel Prize for something else--if I live long enough.” This quite realistic prospect was ended by his untimely death. Oldendorf made many other discoveries that have significantly affected neuroscience and the practice of medicine. He developed original methods to analyze the kinetics of cerebral circulation and ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ? 135 ? blood-brain barrier permeability. His work in measuring blood flow with radioactive isotopes was fundamental to the subsequent development of techniques now used in many nuclear medicine laboratories. His methods of assessing blood-brain barrier permeability greatly increased knowledge of the mechanisms whereby drugs and metabolic substrates enter into the brain. Especially important was his characterization of more than a dozen independent carrier systems, along with their saturation kinetics, of the blood-brain barrier. Today, most of what is known of the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier was either established by Oldendorf in his own laboratory, or by others using the elegant and ingenious techniques he created. These results have been essential in developing PET and SPECT imaging; in studying glucose transport and brain metabolism; and in characterizing the selective permeability of, and transport across, the blood-brain barrier in such clinically important conditions as ischemia, starvation, and epilepsy. Oldendorf also was the first to establish experimentally the “sink” function of cerebrospinal fluid and its relationship to brain metabolism. This may prove particularly relevant to the pathophysiology of presenile dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, and to the removal of certain metabolic end-products from the brain. Oldendorf's work earned him numerous honors, in addition to those named above. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1983) and a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (1986). Oldendorf was also a Distinguished Founder of the American Board of Nuclear Medicine Science. In 1980 the American Academy of Neurology presented him a special award for his contributions to clinical neurology, including computerized tomographic scanning, studies on the blood-brain barrier, and research on cerebral metabolism. In 1981 he received the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service. He received Honorary Doctor of Science degrees in 1982 from Albany Medical College and from Union College, and in 1986 from St. Louis University. In February of 1990 he was the invited keynote speaker at the annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Neuroradiology in Tokyo. The National Academy of Sciences elected him to its membership in 1991, making him the first neurologist so honored since its founding. The following year Oldendorf received the Presidential Citation and Leadership Award from the American Academy of Neurology, and the Medical Sciences Award from the UCLA Alumni Association. Oldendorf's research achievements are documented in more than 250 publications, including his books The Quest for an Image of the Brain: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ? 136 ? Computerized Tomography in the Perspective of Past and Future Imaging Methods (Raven Press, New York, 1980) and Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Kluwer Academic Press, Boston, 1988). He is the sole or senior author of nearly all of his articles and invited book chapters. The products of Oldendorf's creativity have had a great impact on biomedical research, scientific thought, and medical practice. Despite his enormous knowledge, numerous accomplishments, and hard-working habits, Oldendorf remained accessible, good-humored, and open to the ideas of others. Never arrogant, he pursued his scientific quests with an almost childlike enthusiasm. He loved the intellectual challenge of exploring the brain and its mechanisms, and could propose a seemingly endless series of experiments to explore a daunting problem. Science for him was like a wonderful game, and he loved to play that game. The ultimate impact of Oldendorf's brilliant career upon human life and health cannot yet be estimated. What can be assessed, and deeply appreciated, are the magnificent contributions of this generous and affectionate man to his wife Stella, who worked with him daily in his laboratory, to his three sons, and to his many colleagues, students, patients, and friends. Louis Jolyon West John C. Mazziotta Arthur Yuwiler Copyright © 2011 The Regents of The University of California.
Erika Elisabeth
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