Bernard OF ITALY

Characteristics

Type Value Date Place Sources
name Bernard OF ITALY
[1]
title Bernard I King of Italty
[1]

Events

Type Date Place Sources
death 17. August 818
Milan, Kingdom of Italty, Holy Roman Empire Find persons in this place
[1]
burial
San Ambrosio, Milan, Kingdom of Italy, Holy Roman Empire Find persons in this place
[1]
birth about 797
[1]

??spouses-and-children_en_US??

Marriage ??spouse_en_US??Children

 CUNIGUNDIS

Notes for this person

Medieval Lands by Charles Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy BERNARD, illegitimate son of PEPIN I King of Italy & his mistress ---([797]-Milan 17 Aug 818, bur Milan, San Ambrosio). Thegan's VitaHludowici Imperatoris names "Bernhardus filius Pippini exconcubina"[635]. Bernard is named only son of Pippin by Einhard[636].Regino names "Bernhardus filius Pippin rex Italiæ" when recording hisdeath in 818[637]. Settipani cites a litany of St Gallen which listsBernard among Carolingians of illegitimate birth[638]. He was broughtup at Kloster Fulda. His paternal grandfather sent him back to Italyin autumn 812, granting him the title "rex Langobardorum" in Apr 813.Einhard's Annales that "Walanem filium Bernhardi patruelis sui" wassent to Italy in 812 as guardian for "Bernhardum filium Pippin nepotemsuum [Karoli imperatoris]"[639]. He was confirmed 11 Sep 813 atAix-la-Chapelle as BERNARD I King of Italy, as vassal of the emperor,ruling under the regency of Adalhard abbé de Corbie[640]. Although heswore allegiance to his uncle Emperor Louis I "le Pieux" on thelatter's accession in 814, the emperor passed the Ordinatio Imperii inJul 817 which failed to mention Bernard's royal status, effectivelydepriving him of any role in government and of his royal title.Bernard rebelled unsuccessfully in Dec 817. He was tricked intoreturning to France to ask for the emperor's forgiveness atChalon-sur-Saône, but was taken to Aix-la-Chapelle where he wassentenced to death. The Annales Xantenses record that "Bernhardus rexLangobardorum" was blinded in 818[641]. Thegan's Vita HludowiciImperatoris records that "Bernhardus filius Pippini ex concubina" wasblinded and died on the third day which followed this[642]. After hisdeath, Italy was once more placed under the direct rule of theemperor[643]. m ([813]) CUNIGUNDIS, daughter of --- (-after 15 Jun 835). Settipanirefers to an act of the monastery of San Alessandro, Parma dated 15Jun 835 which names her[644]. The origin of Cunigundis is not known.Settipani suggests[645] that she was Cunigundis, daughter of Héribert,relative of St Guillaume Comte de Toulouse in order to explain thetransmission of the name Héribert into the family of Bernard King ofItaly. This is highly speculative. It would also mean that Héribertwas older than suggested in the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY, as itis unlikely that Cunigundis was born later than 800 assuming that thebirth date of her son is correctly estimated at [815]. King Bernard & his wife had one son: 1. PEPIN ([815]-after 850). Regino names "Pippinum" son of"Bernhardus filius Pippin rex Italiæ"[646]. Seigneur de Péronne et deSaint Quentin[647]. Comte near Paris after 834. [635] Thegani Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 22, MGH SS II, p. 596. [636] Einhard 19, p. 454. [637] Reginonis Chronicon 818, MGH SS I, p. 567. [638] Settipani, p. 211 footnote 142, which does not give the citationfor the source. [639] Einhardi Annales 812, MGH SS, p. 199. [640] RFA 812 and 813, p. 95. [641] Annales Xantenses 817, MGH SS II, p. 224. [642] Thegani Vita Hludowici Imperatoris 22 and 23, MGH SS II, p. 596. [643] Settipani (1993), pp. 212-3. [644] Settipani (1993), p. 213, citing Werner, K. F. 'HludowicusAugustus: gouverner l'empire Chrétien - idées et réalités',Charlemagne's heir (1990), p. 32 footnote 103. [645] Settipani (1993), p. 213. According to Rösch (1977), p. 74, theorigin of Cunigundis is unknown. [646] Reginonis Chronicon 818, MGH SS I, p. 567. [647] Rösch (1977), p. 86.

Sources

1 Foundation for Medieveal Geneology, Italy, Emperors and Kings - Chapter 4: Kings of Italty 774-887
Author: Charles Cawley
Publication: Name: Medeival Lands; Location: Oak House, Vowchurch, Hereford, HR20RB, England; Date: 2001-2011;
  This document shows in detail the families of the later Roman emperorsafter the accession of Emperor Valentinian I in 364, the Ostrogothkings of Italy who ruled from 476 to 552, and the Lombard kings whoruled during the following two hundred years. Thereafter, thefamilies of the Carolingian kings who ruled only in Italy are shown indetail, those whose main kingdoms lay elsewhere are referred to inoutline form only to demonstrate how the title passed between thevarious members of the family. Lastly, the kings of Italy from thesucceeding dynasties are shown, in most cases in outline form only astheir complete families are set out in other documents. The kingdom of Italy was first created in 476, from the remnants ofthe Roman empire. It continued in existence, restricted to thenorthern part of the Italian peninsula, during the 6th to 10thcenturies under the Ostrogoths, the Lombards and the dynasties of theCarolingians and their successors. After 963, northern Italy wasadministered as part of the Holy Roman Empire. Italy was not finallyunited until well into the 19th century, under the leadership of thekings of Sardinia of the family of the counts of Savoy. The administrative influence of the Roman empire over western andsouthern Europe was diminishing by the early 5th century. The declinewas hastened by outside pressure from the so-called barbarians ofeastern Europe, strengthening regional identities within the empirenotably in Gaul led by the Merovingian Frankish monarchy, and internalpolitical squabbling. The lack of internal cohesion within thefailing empire is reflected by the accession of nine emperors in thethirty year period which followed the murder of Emperor ValentinianIII in 455, all from different families and only four of whom wereborn in Italy. The division of the empire into its eastern andwestern components, first formalised by Emperor Valentinian I in 364,was a further factor which contributed to decline, although it enabledimperial government to survive in the east long after the empire inthe west had disintegrated. Romulus "Augustulus", last Roman emperor in the West, was deposed in476. By this time the western empire was considered of suchirrelevance that his successor Odoacar the Goth declared himself kingof Italy only, the first time the separate existence of Italy as apolitical entity was recognised. The Italian Ostrogoth kingdomsurvived until 552, nominally within the Roman empire which was notlegally abolished. The sole remaining emperor continued to rule inthe east from Constantinople (see the document BYZANTIUM 395-1057),although the Byzantines retained outposts on the Italian mainland wellinto the 11th century. After the death of the last Ostrogoth king,direct imperial rule was nominally restored. It was challenged by theLombards who arrived in Italy from Hungary on the invitation ofNarses, the imperial administrator. Alboin was crowned first Lombard king in Italy at Milan in 572, laterestablishing Pavia as his capital. Lombard rule continued in northernItaly until 774, when the Carolingian Frankish King Charles I (laterEmperor Charlemagne) invaded, deposed King Desiderius and proclaimedhimself king of Italy. By this time, autonomous Lombard duchies werewell established in the southern half of the peninsula in Benevento,Naples, Salerno (see the document SOUTHERN ITALY (1)) and Spoleto (seeCENTRAL ITALY), separated from northern Italy by the expanding centralItalian Papal territories which represented another obstacle to thenorthern kings imposing their authority throughout the country.Despite the best efforts of the Carolingian kings, particularly LouisKing of Italy who attempted to provide better protection for Romeafter the Arab sack of 846 as well as extend his authority into theLombard duchies in the south, the new dynasty never succeeded inestablishing its authority throughout the Italian peninsula. Afterthe death of King Louis in 875, the Italian crown passed toCarolingian monarchs from the line of Ludwig II "der Deutsche" King ofthe East Franks, until Emperor Charles III who was deposed in 887. For the following 70 years, the Italian throne passed between thefamilies of the dukes of Friulia, the dukes of Spoleto and theBurgundian dynasties, its authority being further weakened bycompetition between the rival candidates. This period of politicalweakness and uncertainty culminated in the invasions of Italy by OttoI King of Germany in 951 and 961, the coronation of King Otto asemperor in 962, and his deposition of Berengar King of Italy in 963.Henceforth the northern Italian kingdom (north of the Papalterritories) was administered as part of the Holy Roman Empire. Imperial authority in northern Italy had weakened by the mid-12thcentury, enabling the northern Lombard cities to establishconsiderable local autonomy, formalised in the Treaty of Konstanzwhich was agreed in 1183 by Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa". Asingle local dynasty was never able to establish control over northernItaly. Each city developed its own system of administration under itsown separate leadership, although by the 14th and 15th centuries manylocal families such as the Este and Gonzaga had in effect createdtheir own principalities around the cities which they controlled. I am grateful to Morris Bierbrier for providing reference numbers fromthe Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire ("PLRE")[1], (marked"[MB]") which has not yet been consulted directly.

files

Title Familienstammbaum Engelken
Description
Id 46985
Upload date 2014-12-22 06:03:51.0
Submitter user's avatar Roger Engelken visit the user's profile page
email rengelken@msn.com
??show-persons-in-database_en_US??

Download

The submitter does not allow this file to be downloaded.

Comments

Actions
Views for this person