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Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 - 16 December 1391), was the granddaughter of King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, and the wife of Hugh Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1303-1377). Her thirteen children included an Archbishop of Canterbury and six knights, of whom two were founder knights of the Order of the Garter. Unlike most women of her day, she received a classical education and was a lifelong scholar and collector of books. Early life Lady Margaret de Bohun was born on 3 April 1311 at Caldecote, Northamptonshire, the third daughter and seventh child of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, Lord Constable of England by his wife Elizabeth of Rhuddlan, the youngest daughter of King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile. Her paternal grandparents were Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford and Maud de Fiennes. She was named after her maternal step-grandmother, Margaret of France, the second queen consort of Edward I. Margaret was left an orphan shortly before her tenth birthday. On 16 March 1321 at the Battle of Boroughbridge, her father was slain in an ambush by the Welsh. Her mother had died five years previously in childbirth. Together with her siblings she received a classical education under a Sicilian Greek, Master Diogenes. As a result, Margaret became a lifelong scholar and avid book collector. On 11 August 1325, at the age of fourteen, Lady Margaret married Hugh de Courtenay, the future 10th Earl of Devon, to whom she had been betrothed since 27 September 1314. Her dowry included the manor of Powderham near Exeter. The marriage agreement was formally made on 28 February 1315, when she was not quite four years old.[5] The first Earl of Devon promised that upon the marriage he would enfeoff his son and Margaret jointly with 400 marks worth of land, assessed at its true value, and in a suitable place.[6] Margaret assumed the title of Countess of Devon on 23 December 1340.[7] Her eldest brother John de Bohun (23 November 1306 - 20 January 1336) succeeded as 5th Earl of Hereford in 1326, having married Alice Fitzalan, daughter of the 9th Earl of Arundel in 1325. She had a younger brother William de Bohun (1312-1360), who was created 1st Earl of Northampton in 1337 by King Edward III. He married Elizabeth de Badlesmere, by whom he had two children. Margaret's elder sister Lady Eleanor de Bohun (17 October 1304 - 7 October 1363), married in 1327, her first husband, James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde. They were the ancestors of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Parr. Hugh and Margaret had a total of thirteen children,[8] most of whom reached adulthood. Their descendants include members of the British royal family and former British Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill. Their family chantry was expanded at Naish Priory in the family's manor of Coker in Somerset, at the end of the 14th century when it was owned by her most notable son, William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury. Issue Sir Hugh Courtenay (1327-1349), KG, who predeceased his father. He married Elizabeth de Vere, daughter of John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford and Maud de Badlesmere and had a son, Hugh Courtenay (d.1373/4), who predeceased his grandfather.[9] Thomas Courtenay, born about 1329, cleric, canon of Crediton and Exeter.[10] Died in the Church of Austin Friars, London. Sir Edward Courtenay, who was born about 1331 at Haccombe, Devon, and died between 2 February 1368 and 1 April 1371, predeceasing his father. He married Emeline Dauney, daughter and heiress of Sir John Dauney of Mudford Terry, Somerset, and had issue:[11] Edward Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (d.1419), who married Maud Camoys, and in whose descendants the earldom remained until the death of his great-grandson John Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon (d.1471), after which the earldom passed in 1485, by a new creation, to Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (d.1509), the grandson of his brother Sir Hugh Courtenay of Haccombe and Bampton (1358-1425). Sir Hugh Courtenay of Haccombe and Bampton (1358-1425), whose grandson was Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (d.1509). Robert Courtenay of Moreton. William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury, (c.1342 - 31 July 1396.[12] Sir Philip Courtenay (c.1342 - 29 July 1406) of Powderham, who married Ann Wake, daughter of Sir Thomas Wake by Alice Pateshull.[13] Sir Peter Courtenay (c. 1346 - 2 February 1405) of Hardington Mandeville, Somerset, who married Margaret Clyvedon, daughter and heiress of John de Clyvedon.[14] His monumental brass, much worn, but still showing the arms of Courtenay impaling Bohun, may be seen in the south aisle, Exeter Cathedral. Humphrey Courtenay, who died young without issue.[15] Margaret Courtenay married John de Cobham, 3rd Baron Cobham.[16] Elizabeth Courtenay, married Sir Bartholomew de Lisle and had issue, one daughter Mary.[17] She died 7 August 1395. Katherine Courtenay, who married Sir Thomas Engaine, 2nd Lord Engaine. She died 31 December 1399.[18] Anne Courtenay. Joan Courtenay, who married Sir John Cheverston (died c. 1375).[19] Death Margaret died on 16 December 1391 at the age of eighty. She is buried in Exeter Cathedral. Footnotes ^ Lysons described the effigies in 1822 as "much mutilated" (Magna Britannia, vol. 6, pp.323-345) ^ Heavily restored. Lysons described the swans in 1822 as "the remains of two birds" (Magna Britannia, vol. 6, pp.323-345) ^ Pevsner, N., Buildings of England: Devon, p.692, illustrates the typical confusion concerning this female effigy, whom he describes as: "Elizabeth de Bohun (d.1378?) (sic) whose daughter married the third (sic) Earl of Devon. Effigy with the queer headgear of that period". Clearly he is incorrect in two of his details, namely the date of her death, which he places 62 years too late, and the identity of her husband ^ Lysons, Samuel, Magna Britannia ^ Note:This agreement, written in French, is from the Public Record Office, London DL27/13 ^ Jennifer C. Ward, Women of the English Nobility and Gentry, 1066-1500, pp. 29-30, Google Books, retrieved on 4 November 2009 ^ www.thePeerage.com/p10696.htm#106957 ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 540. ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 542-3. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 543. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 546-7. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 543. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 544. ^ Richardson I 2011, pp. 544-5. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 545. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 545. ^ Template:The National Archives: The Oglander Collection (OG/A - OG/UU). ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 545. ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 545. References Cokayne, George Edward (1916). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday IV. London: St. Catherine Press. Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. Tristram Risdon, The Chorographical Description or Survey of the County of Devon, pp. 357-360, Google Books, retrieved on 4 November 2009 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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